Firing system in a fuel-burning kiln that uses natural convection currents in kiln (updraft) or in chimney (downdraft), without any mechanical blowers, to draw in secondary air, circulate heat and atmosphere through kiln, and exhaust combustion gases.

Na₂O—Al₂O₃—6SiO₂ soda feldspar, interchangeable with Kona F-4. Toxic in inhalation.

Process of reducing the upper diameter of a thrown form by working the walls of the rotating form inwards with fingers or rib, as in a bottle shape.

K₂O—3Na₂O—4AlO₃—9SiO₂ a common feldspathic flux, high in both soda and potash, used in clay bodies and glazes. Less silica than soda feldspars, and therefore more powerful. Increases firing range of low-fire and mid-range glazes. Toxic in inhalation.

Refractory red stoneware clay, used to obtain rich red and red-brown colors in high-fire clay bodies.

In fuel-burning kiln, atmosphere that is neither oxidizing nor reducing most efficient atmosphere for efficient climb and even temperature.

In glaze chemistry, the refractories or stabilizers that are combined with bases (fluxes) and acids (glass-formers).

Ni₂CO₃ weaker nickel colorant, reduces to green nickel oxide in the firing. Toxic in ingestion and inhalation.

Ni₂O₃ reduces to green nickel oxide early in firing, and produces similar effects. Toxic in ingestion and inhalation.

NiO colorant or modifier can give blues, tan, browns, greens, grays, dependent on fluxes present. Often used to mute the effects of cobalt, copper, and other colorants. Toxic in ingestion and inhalation.

Translates as "step-climbing kiln traditional Japanese multi chamber downdraft/cross draft climbing kiln, with initial firebox at bottom, and secondary fireboxes in each chamber. As kiln is fired, each chamber preheats the next. See climbing kiln.

An often iridescent milky white Japanese glaze containing rice-hull ash.